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Monday, December 15, 2025

2025-12-14

**** denotes well-worth reading in full at source (even if excerpted extensively here)


Economic and Market Fare:

QE is now done by the Treasury not the Fed

The Federal Reserve cut rates by 25 basis points yesterday, but the rate decision itself was irrelevant. The real message came through Powell’s press conference, where the contradictions in the Fed’s narrative became impossible to ignore. He insisted the economy continues to grow near 2 percent, that inflation is gliding back to target, and that household balance sheets remain strong. Yet at the same time he acknowledged softer labour demand and weakening consumption. What he did not admit is the critical truth: consumption is being held together purely by the wealth effect. Wages have slowed, credit growth has collapsed, and the income engine of the U.S. consumer is losing power. Powell spoke as if the structure of demand had not changed. It has.

Then came the remarkable moment. Powell stated that monetary policy cannot solve a supply problem in the housing market. He is correct. But tariffs are also negative supply shocks. And if the Fed truly believes monetary policy should not respond to supply-side inflation, then rates should already be far lower today. Powell is defending two incompatible positions, and that contradiction revealed more than all the forecasts combined. ..............

But the real event yesterday was hidden in a single line of text. The Fed will resume buying Treasury securities up to three years in maturity “for reserve-management purposes,” and critically, with no specified limit. This is not routine balance-sheet housekeeping. This is the moment the Fed admitted the system cannot function with declining reserves. Treasury bill issuance drains liquidity; the Fed must now inject it back. The central bank has effectively become the structural liquidity provider to the fiscal authority.

This is where one of our most important charts the last few weeks becomes essential. The gap between total T-bill issuance and the system’s cash basin, bank reserves plus RRP, has exploded to roughly 3.5 trillion dollars, the largest in U.S. history. The private sector does not have the liquidity to absorb issuance at this scale. To close even half of that gap, the Fed would need to buy around 2 trillion dollars of T-bills, injecting 2 trillion of fresh reserves. That liquidity flows directly into Treasury financing. Call it “reserve management” if you like. In substance, it is monetary financing of fiscal operations. 

Because the Treasury controls the maturity structure of its debt, this arrangement grants it unprecedented influence over the entire yield curve. If the Treasury prefers to fund itself at 3 percent while the long end sits at 4½ percent, it can issue aggressively in the short end, slash long-term supply, execute buybacks, and rely on the Fed to offset the reserve drain with short-end purchases. The liquidity the Fed injects naturally spills into duration, pulling long-end yields down. This is a form of yield-curve control, not declared but fully operational, driven not by the central bank, but by the fiscal authority. The Fed cannot resist without detonating the repo market.

This is fiscal dominance. The Treasury leads, the Fed follows, and monetary policy becomes an instrument of funding needs. .............. Negative real rates become the equilibrium condition, financial repression by design ....................

This is why we say the printing press has changed hands. It is no longer Powell’s. It is Bessent’s or the White House’s The Treasury now effectively controls the liquidity engine of the United States. ....................

.......... This is now the global regime. Fiscal dominance is not an American quirk. It is the new international monetary order. The printing press has shifted to the Treasuries of the world, and financial repression is the equilibrium that follows.


Why Trump’s policies will power America’s financial supremacy in a multipolar era

Rumours of the U.S. dollar’s decline are as persistent as they are exaggerated. In 2025, one fact stands out: The global U.S. dollar system—“King Dollar”[1]—is not vanishing. The financial, legal, and institutional architecture that makes the dollar the world’s indispensable currency remains at the heart of global finance. It is this systemic centrality, not its day-to-day market price, that ensures “King Dollar” matters most, and it is being strategically reinforced and recalibrated for a multipolar era. After the energetic “weaponization” of the dollar under the Biden administration and U.S. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, a prudent diversification of reserves by global central banks was always going to follow. Still, to declare the end of U.S. exceptionalism or the death of King Dollar is not just premature, it is strategically misguided. Yes, the counter trend rally in many currencies is coming to an end. Driven by fundamentals, the King Dollar revival is upon us; investors take note. 

The dollar’s reserve role obliges the U.S. to run trade deficits, exporting dollars to ensure global liquidity—a dynamic known as the Triffin Dilemma[2]. This system provides stability through dollar liquidity, even as it invites concerns about rising U.S. debt and persistent deficits. Yet King Dollar’s endurance is less about direct U.S. strength or manufacturing prowess and more about the dollar’s indispensable status as the world’s settlement, liquidity, and safety anchor. When the U.S. periodically adjusts, illuminated by tariffs or incremental protectionism, it echoes British economist John Maynard Keynes’ logic at Bretton Woods: for balance in a global system both creditors and debtors must bear responsibility. The present-day pivot toward protectionism, particularly under U.S. President Donald Trump, isn’t an abandonment of leadership but a disciplined reset, enforcing the long-term health of the dollar order. The widely claimed “end” of the U.S. dollar system instead signals how early we are in the artificial intelligence (AI)- driven resurgence of American industrial capacity. ....................

................. The current arc of U.S. policy is less about rupture and more about calibrated reinvention. Implicit yield-curve control has quietly stabilized long-dated bond markets. Following the U.S. Federal Reserve’s move toward October rate cuts and ongoing U.S. Treasury purchases, the curve has flattened, with short-term bill issuance absorbing liquidity and moderating volatility. This is a result of persistent, if subtle, coordination between fiscal and monetary authorities—deliberate, quiet, and effective.

America’s advantage, then, is not raw power but institutional stamina and a willingness to accept short-term pain for longer-term renewal. Supply-side creative destruction—a centrepiece of Trumpian and centre-right economic policy—isn’t reckless but methodical, funding industrial resurgence even when headline debt stays high. A moderately softer dollar could, as after the 1985 Plaza Accord, enhance export competitiveness, catalyze infrastructure booms, and lay groundwork for generational prosperity without destabilizing the international system.

The tech-driven transformation of collateral, the rise of AI-intensive infrastructure, and the emergence of integrated fintech solutions all reinforce U.S. leadership. The 2020s look set to usher in a capital expenditures (CapEx) supercycle unparalleled since the postwar era. .....................


The three charts that signaled the recession 18 months early.


This is the Fun Part
“What makes a decision great is not that it has a great outcome. A great decision is the result of a good process, and that process must include an attempt to accurately represent our own state of knowledge. That state of knowledge, in turn, is some variation of ‘I’m not sure.’”
Annie Duke, Thinking in Bets
........ The goal is to consistently place probabilistically favorable bets when the weight of the evidence lines up.


Run it Hot, Privatizing the Fed's Balance Sheet, Dollar Devaluation and the AI Boom

Key Themes, Forecasts & Risks:
  • Bank deregulation and a steeper yield curve (3-month-10-year) release bank reserves and drive asset growth with significant macroeconomic and asset pricing effects.
  • The FOMC reduces the policy rate to 3-3.25%, the impact on small banks and small businesses is greater than expected, both for the profitability and valuation of spread sensitive regional banks and the labor market.
  • The FOMC also increases the pace of duration tightening by expanding reinvestment of mortgage paydowns into bills to a portion of maturing Treasuries.
  • As a consequence of the Fed regulatory and monetary policy actions there is no need for additional balance sheet expansion, instead the privatization of the Fed’s balance sheet takes hold.
  • Capital spending broadens to include non-AI infrastructure manufacturing.
  • Consumption recovers as the effects of the three adverse aggregate demand shocks, tariffs, slower government spending and reduced immigration, fade and the individual tax provisions of One Triple B spur spending.
  • Labor market demand and dynamism improve as Fed easing reopens the small bank credit channel and eases pressure on small floating rate borrowers. The increase in the U3 unemployment rate stalls at 4.75% in 1Q26 but doesn’t decline much due to structural pressure on employment (technology innovation adoption).
  • Supply pressures return to the belly of the Treasury curve, 10s end the year at 4.5%, 2s at 3.4%, and with the policy rate at 3-3.25% the 3m10y curve crucial to regional banks ends the year above 1%.
  • The privatization of the Fed’s balance sheet, bank deregulation, rate cuts and duration tightening gets into lots of market cracks. The yield curve steepens; cyclical stocks, metals, energy and industrials outperform.
  • The trade weighted dollar has a similar ~8% decline led by Asian currencies as their trade surpluses stall and begin to contract. If the process stalls, a global accord is possible.
  • The S&P 500 has a significant pullback in 1Q26 and ends the higher with about half the ‘25 gain.
  • Credit spreads widen due to AI infrastructure debt. Fixed income supply from the Fed (DT), mortgage and credit markets, along with reduced global demand, cause a couple of real rate risk-off shocks.
..................
Run it Hot
One of the most widely expected themes for ‘26 is ‘they will run it hot’. They, in this case, refer to the Trump Administration and GOP controlled Congress. Setting aside our aversion to the assumption that ‘they’ have control over the economic outcome, as a base case we expect the effects of the three adverse aggregated demand shocks, lower immigration, slower government spending and higher tariffs, to fade. As the policies that were integral to the first second term president being elected with control over Congress since FDR morph into initiatives targeting the midterms, a modest recovery in consumer spending, stronger capex and increased labor market demand and churn are reasonably probable. Additionally, with the Fed on track to reduce the policy rate close to our estimate of neutral (a bit above 3%), the normalization of the upward sloping yield curve will reopen the small bank credit channel, and a recovery in small business employment and housing construction will contribute to stronger, more broadly distributed, growth in ‘26.


Michael Howell, founder of CrossBorder Capital and GL Indexes, warns of a lack of liquidity in financial markets. The global liquidity cycle is about to turn, which should favor commodity investments in 2026.

Liquidity is the oxygen of financial markets. When it is abundant, stock markets thrive. When it becomes scarce, turbulence increases. In recent weeks, there have been increasing signs of scarcity. Liquidity-sensitive investments such as Bitcoin have promptly suffered losses.

Few market observers understand the plumbing system of the global liquidity structure better than Michael Howell. The founder of CrossBorder Capital and GL Indexes in London specializes in analyzing liquidity flows.

These days, Howell is concerned. He says that the Federal Reserve has deliberately allowed liquidity to be withdrawn, partly because the «monetary plumbers» on the Federal Open Market Committee are in a minority. In addition, after three years of upswing, the global liquidity cycle is beginning to turn, he warns.  ..............



The thesis of my two most recent books (available on the Gavekal website; great Christmas gift for your loved ones!) was that the 2018 US semiconductor embargo against China changed the world. The age of cooperation and globalization was over. Instead, the semi-embargo marked the start of the Clash of Empires. In the years that followed, China became “uninvestible” and the US became “exceptional.” This bifurcation in destinies was the most important investment trend of the period from 2018 to 2024. Anyone long the US and short China thrived. This was really the only trade to have on.

However, since early 2024, the short-China leg of this trade has clearly stopped working. Meanwhile, the long-US leg is also no longer outperforming everything in sight. So has the world changed again? I believe it has, and will try to explain the reasons for this belief in a series of upcoming papers. This paper is the first of this series, and is dedicated to US policy choices, how these have affected relative returns, and where they go from here. ......................................................

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In short, looking at the prospect of US industrial policy raises more questions than it answers, including:
  1. Does the US have the institutional make-up to follow through on industrial policy? After all, the US does not have a Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, nor a Ministry of Science and Technology.
  2. Can the US afford to de-Sinify its supply chains? Or are US policymakers simply virtue-signaling around the subject?
  3. Is the demonization of China and the need to de-Sinify supply chains just one big excuse for a power and money grab of epic proportions? If it is, how will US policymakers deal with the consequent corruption?
  4. If US policymakers really are serious about de-Sinifying supply chains, will America’s elites accept the redeployment of capital into activities with lower returns on invested capital, and that in consequence the stock market will struggle and the US dollar roll over?
The answer to the last question seems most obvious: no! With US equity market capitalization now more than twice the value of US GDP, it could be argued that maintaining stable equity prices is now essential to keeping US economic growth on track (see Concerning Signals On US Growth). All of which brings us to the other option: mending fences with China. ...............


Major Markets Letter #2: Ask your parents



This week revealed a clear inflection in the macro landscape as the Fed’s latest actions pointed to the emergence of a new monetary-policy regime. The Fed’s justification for lowering the policy rate is consistent with our call that the FOMC will lean into the long-term outlook for productivity growth to implement increasingly — and perhaps unjustifiably — dovish monetary policy. This move toward an expansionary balance-sheet policy raised the possibility that Paradigm C and Paradigm D could operate simultaneously — a mix that is resoundingly bullish for risk assets.

For those new to our Paradigm framework:

Paradigm A: The 2020–21 lurching into fiscal dominance which helped catalyze the geopolitically driven supply-demand imbalance in the US Treasury bond market that is likely to persist – and widen – throughout the duration of this Fourth Turning.

History confirms that when sovereigns get too indebted – specifically when both the stock and flow of sovereign debt supply increasingly exceed available resources to capitalize the leverage – there are only three options to remedy the issue.

...  Paradigm B is the cut phase of the cut → grow → print sequence required to address the geopolitically driven supply-demand imbalance in the US Treasury bond market. Cutting requires a reduction in fiscal expenditures and a reduction in trade deficits; both outcomes increase net national savings.

... Paradigm C is the grow phase of the cut → grow → print sequence required to address the geopolitically driven supply-demand imbalance in the US Treasury bond market. Growing requires the adoption of a growth-friendly policy mix featuring tax cuts, deregulation, and credit easing. The goal of the grow phase is to delever the public sector balance sheet by increasing the denominator (e.g., GDP, GDI, domestic liquidity) faster than the numerator (i.e., sovereign debt).

... Paradigm D is the print phase of the cut → grow → print sequence required to address the geopolitically driven supply-demand imbalance in the US Treasury bond market. Printing requires an erosion of central bank independence that results in the monetary authority monetizing debt – either explicitly via quantitative easing (QE) and/or yield curve control (YCC), or implicitly via reserve management operations (RMOP). The goal of the print phase is to lessen the impact of crowding out by the bloated public sector balance sheet upon the private sector. The Treasury market is atop the global capital structure, so until the US dollar is no longer the dominant reserve currency, it will always attract the capital it needs at the expense of the private sector – particularly low-to-median-income households, small businesses, and interest-rate-sensitive sectors like housing and consumer durable goods.






Apollo: Private Credit. Fact vs Fiction



Bubble Fare:


Yves here. Servaas Storm provides a fantastic broad and properly sobering view on the AI/stock market mania and the far too many reasons why US players can’t possibly deliver on their hype. ...................................................................................................................................

The Insufferable Irrationality of the AI Industry
The AI race is mostly based on the irrational fear of missing out (FOMO), in Silicon Valley and on Wall Street – which induces a herd mentality to follow ‘momentum’, a complete disregard for fundamental values in favour of placing an exaggerated importance to the limited availability of a key resource (here: Nvidia’s GPUs and ‘compute’), and overwhelming confirmation bias (the all-too-human inclination to look for information that confirms our own biased outlook). To bring home the point: the use of ChatGPT has been found to decrease idea diversity in brainstorming, as per an article in Nature.

It is deeply ironic that the industry that is supposed to build ‘super-intelligence’, a deeply flawed concept with rather sinister origins (see Emily M. Bender and Alex Hanna 2025), is itself deeply irrational. But solid anthropological evidence on the local tribes living in Silicon Valley and working on Wall Street shows that this irrationality is hardwired into the perma-adolescent psyches of the inhabitants, who are wont to talk to each other about the coming AIpocalypse, almost religiously believe in AI prophecies, have deep faith in their algorithms, regard AI as a superior ‘sentient being’ in need of legal representation, enthusiastically engage in techno-eschatology, and, above all, are deeply fond of Hobbits and the LOTR. ...............................

The Revenue Delusion
There is no world in which the enormous spending in data centre infrastructure (more than $5 trillion in the next five years) is going to pay off; the AI-revenue projections are pie-in-the-sky because of the following: ..................................................

Conclusion
Because of these four reasons, AI’s ‘scaling’ strategy will fail and the AI data-centre investment bubble will pop. The unavoidable AI-data-centre crash in the U.S. will be painful to the economy, even if some useful technology and infrastructure will survive and be productive in the longer run. However, given the unrestricted greed of the platform and other Big Tech corporations, this will also mean that AI tools that weaken the labour conditions — in activities including the visual arts, education, health care and the media — will survive. Similarly, generative AI is already entrenched in militaries and intelligence agencies and will, for sure, get used for surveillance and corporate control. All the big promises of the AI industry will fade, but many harmful uses of the technology will stick around.

The immediate economic harm done will look rather insignificant compared to the long-term damage of the AI mania. The continuous oversupply of AI slop, LLM fabricated hallucinations, clickbait fake news and propaganda, deliberate deepfake images and endless machine-made junk, all produced under capitalism’s banner of progress and greed, consuming loads of energy and spouting tonnes of carbon emissions will further undermine and self-poison the trust in and the foundations of America’s economic and social order. The massive direct and indirect costs of generic LLMs will outweigh the rather limited benefits, by far.


Part 1: On the coming geopolitics of the compute stack, or Our New Imperial Strategy


On the political economy of the Cloud and AI

As near as one can tell, the business rationale for AI rests on the hope that it will substitute for human judgment and discretion. Given the role of big data in training AI systems, and the enormous concentrations of capital they require to develop, the AI revolution will extend the logic of oligopoly into cognition. What appears to be at stake, ultimately, is ownership of the means of thinking. This will have implications for class structure, for the legitimacy of institutions that claim authority based on expertise, and for the credentialing function of universities.

Consider some recent developments that don’t pertain to AI per se, but show the power that comes with ownership of computational infrastructure.

When Amazon Web Services went dark in October of this year, thousands of institutions were paralyzed for a few hours. Banks went offline; hospitals were unable to access medical records. Platforms that people rely on to communicate, such as Signal, also became nonresponsive. The cloud hosts an increasing share of the services that make a society run, routing them through a small number of firms. Our own government is also dependent on this infrastructure, and therefore dependent on the continued solvency of a handful of business enterprises. The phrase “too big to fail” hardly begins to capture the situation. .............




Big Tech is spending billions on data centres in the US to fuel the development of artificial intelligence. But those grand plans face a problem: access to power.


Trump goes all in on Silicon Valley, leaving US citizens, and even his own party behind.

Moments ago, despite enormous opposition from both parties, President Trump signed an Executive Order that is designed to block states from regulating AI; since the federal government has passed almost no laws regulating AI, this essentially leaves AI unregulated in America. .............



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(not just) for the ESG crowd:

The 2025 state of the climate report: a planet on the brink

We are hurtling toward climate chaos. The planet's vital signs are flashing red. The consequences of human-driven alterations of the climate are no longer future threats but are here now. This unfolding emergency stems from failed foresight, political inaction, unsustainable economic systems, and misinformation. Almost every corner of the biosphere is reeling from intensifying heat, storms, floods, droughts, or fires. The window to prevent the worst outcomes is rapidly closing.  .......................






Sci Fare:


.......... What’s not rare however, is immune system damage from this virus, if you’re willing to believe the studies that are being done.

The strange unusually large waves of respiratory illness we see every year now that keep getting worse every year are caused by SARS2 vaccination and the virus itself. The studies now suggest that SARS2 vaccination itself plays a role in the problem. ..................



U.S. B.S.:

The regime's project is to destroy all alternative visions of the future.



This is unlikely to end well for all parties concerned, including the US.  

It’s been a busy week for the Empire of Lies and Chaos, especially in its direct neighbourhood. The illegal seizure of an Iranian oil tanker carrying Venezuelan oil on Wednesday was a reminder of what the US’ illegal war of aggression is really about: Venezuela’s oil deposits, which represent almost one-fifth of the world’s known reserves.

........ There are, of course, other reasons, including Venezuela’s large deposits of gas, gold, rare earths and freshwater. Venezuela’s close ties with Russia, China and Iran, from where the tanker originally came, and Cuba, to where the tanker was heading, are also a key factor.

There are the Military Industrial Complex’s needs to keep in mind. With the Trump administration drawing down US commitments to project Ukraine, another war must be started in order to keep the Pentagon’s money laundromat working at full speed ..........



Just as the United States hits its first official trillion-dollar annual military budget, the New York Times editorial board has published an article which argues that the US is going to need to increase military funding to prepare for a major war with China.

The article is titled “Overmatched: Why the U.S. Military Must Reinvent Itself,” and to be clear it is an editorial, not an op-ed, meaning it represents the position of the newspaper itself rather than solely that of the authors.

This will come as no surprise to anyone who knows that The New York Times has supported every American war throughout its entire history, because The New York Times is a war propaganda firm disguised as a news outlet. .........

The narrative that the US war machine has “defended the free world” during its period of post-world war global dominance is itself insane empire propaganda. ....................

................. But that’s the New York Times for you. It’s been run by the same family since the late 1800s and it’s been advancing the information interests of rich and powerful imperialists ever since. It’s a militarist smut rag that somehow found its way into unearned respectability, and it deserves to be treated as such. The sooner it ceases to exist, the better.



Geopolitical Fare:

Is the flotilla off Venezuela’s coast bluff or a prelude to invasion? And either way, what is behind it?

Roughly a quarter of the U.S. Navy’s fleet now floats in the Caribbean off the coast of Venezuela, including the U.S.S. Gerald R. Ford, the largest aircraft carrier in American history. Alongside the Ford, numerous destroyers, amphibious vessels, and submarines are also patrolling just outside Venezuela’s territorial waters. In the air, the Pentagon has deployed F–35 jets, heavy bombers, MQ–9 Reaper drones (large, long-range, lethal), and some 15,000 uniformed personnel. This is America’s largest deployment in the Caribbean since the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. In mid–October Trump acknowledged that he has authorized the Central Intelligence Agency to conduct covert operations in Venezuela and that he may order ground troops to invade the country.

What is the plan? Let us reason this through. ...........


The Battle for Heavy Crude Supremacy has Begun

The United States forged its post-war alliances in the Middle East on a simple bargain: price your oil in dollars, and we guarantee the regions political regimes’ security. In return, the major producers not only adopted the dollar for their oil exports but also pegged their currencies to it, ensuring that the dollars earned through energy sales were recycled into U.S. financial assets. In practice, this meant these states surrendered their monetary and fiscal independence. By tying their currencies and their security to Washington, they became, whether acknowledged or not, vassal states within the American financial system.

This also explains why, despite being formal leaders of OPEC, these states remain structurally aligned with U.S. geopolitical priorities. Their monetary anchors, security frameworks, and external balances force them into compliance. And history shows that any OPEC member attempting to rewrite the rules of the dollar-oil order eventually pays a heavy price. Iraq in 1991, Libya before the 2011 uprising, and now Venezuela, all sought to deviate from the dollar-centric system, and all were forced back into subordination. The message has always been clear: challenging the monetary architecture of oil pricing is not tolerated. .................



Dollar privilege: everyone using the dollar for trade, and the US controlling the system that moves currency around the world is important. When it goes away, and it will in the next five years, I’d guess, the US will take a huge hit to its ability to command the world’s resources and will lose most of its ability to sanction anyone outside the US vassaldom area. (And the vassals will find it easier to leave if they choose.)

But to see the loss of dollar privilege as primary is a huge mistake. It’s downstream from the only thing that really matters: actual national capacity.

Industrial output, tech, secure resource availability (people, food, energy, rare earths, oil, uranium, etc.)

Fundamentally everything flows from having the most industry and the tech lead, combined with enough resources to make use of that industry and tech lead. Dollar privilege happened because after WWII the US controlled over 50% of the world’s manufacturing ability and was the most powerful non-Soviet state in the world. .............................

To return to our initial point, dollar privilege is a lagging indicator. You get currency domination after you’ve already won, and you lose it after you’ve lost.  .................

This is another “last days of the American Empire” thing, and thank God. Dollar privilege has been used, literally, to kill many millions of people thru the world, and to impoverish hundreds of millions. It will be a great day for every non-American when it ends.



Zeitgeist Fare:

Why the kids have stopped listening

.............................. Before you even get to the cultural battles, we need to start with the basics, young people today are disadvantaged in ways Boomers never were.

Housing? Impossible.

Wages? Can I even get a job?

Debt? Everywhere.

Public services? Collapsing.

We had hope.

We sold their hope to not have recessions.

Let’s call it for what it is, politicians trading lies for votes and paying for it with debt (their future).

What did that do?

It took away the opportunity of owning a home, having kids and retiring. We told them work hard at school, get a degree and the world is yours. They followed the rules and now they’re working for Starbucks saddled with debt.

If you grew up believing everything was getting better, you behave one way.

If you grow up watching everything fall apart, you behave another.

This is the foundations of the nihilism. It’s not “online radicalisation.” It’s not “bad parenting.” It’s just a generation looking at the economy and realising the lift doesn’t go up for them. ................



Other Fare:



Monday, December 8, 2025

2025-12-08

 **** denotes well-worth reading in full at source (even if excerpted extensively here)


Economic and Market Fare:

So let me be my own biggest critic for a moment.

As far as my macro outlook goes, I think I’ve been pretty clear: over time, I expect nominal prices of everything to drift—no, march—higher as governments and central banks eventually capitulate to the obvious: their only escape route from the irresponsible, slow-motion debt disaster they engineered is to quietly (or, recently, not so quietly) brutalize the middle and lower classes through inflation.

It’s not elegant, it’s not moral, but it’s historically reliable and gets politicians and bankers off the hook of taking actual responsibility—so of course it’s the easy choice.

That said, for the last year or two I’ve also argued that once the consumer and the broader economy finally run out of steam, we’ll see a sharp deleveraging event. A quick, violent move lower—one that unwinds years of easy money, risk-free speculation, and the hilariously reckless funding of things that, in hindsight, will look indistinguishable from hot air. (Think: Fartcoin, Dogecoin, Ethereum treasury companies, cash burning SPACs or any other asset whose primary utility is generating memes. This blog excluded, of course.) The tidal wave of hubris and euphoria that’s defined the last decade eventually gets taken out back and put down. Frankly, it’s years overdue.

But—because I try not to permanently live inside my own echo chamber no matter how luxurious and genius-shaped it feels—I found myself thinking today about the “what if I’m wrong” bull case. Everyone knows the long-term bull case. I’m talking about the very short-term bull case. .........


DB: Monthly Chartbook: Curveballs for 2026 (via TheBondBeat)

Although the annual outlook season is upon us, what’s been striking in recent years is just how little has played out as the consensus expected. So even as our World Outlook provides the central DB house view, this got us thinking about potential curveballs that could surprise us in 2026. These curveballs (both positive and negative) have played out repeatedly in recent years:
  • In 2020 the pandemic meant any outlooks were redundant by the end of Q1.
  • In 2021 a surge in inflation surprised the vast majority.
  • In 2022 markets were caught off guard by the most aggressive rate-hiking cycle since the 1980s.
  • In 2023 the consensus wrongly expected a US recession.
  • In 2024 barely anyone thought the S&P 500 would rise over +20% for a second year running.
  • In 2025 the Liberation Day turmoil led to the biggest market volatility since Covid and a huge surge in the US effective tariff rate. Then the positive bounceback was one of the fastest recoveries on record.
When it comes to next year, this chartbook considers some positive scenarios of further equity gains, AI-powered growth, tariff relief, and political stability. Then on the negative side, we think about persistent inflation, mounting fiscal concerns and some of the highest US equity valuations ever. .......



Outlooks, in our experience, tend to have the shelf life of yesterday’s fish and chips. So this is not an outlook, rather a reminder of the need for humility. We recall that the consensus of 2025 analyst forecasts had the US 10-year Treasury yield at about 5% by now. Instead, yields have moved sharply lower: after a brief move through 4%, the benchmark is trading almost 100bp beneath these forecasts.

The next Fed chair, whoever that may be, will likely view the neutral policy rate as lower than both current market pricing and the last FOMC dot plot. If markets continue to push expectations for this rate down towards 2.0% for the second half of 2026, the 10-year yield would more naturally gravitate towards 3.0%, not 4.0%. ......

....... Whether this improvement endures is unclear, but the feared surge in term premium has not appeared. Treasury auctions continue to see consistently strong demand.



Roughly speaking there are two types of corporations in China. State owned (SOE) and private. During the policy driven real-estate bust, the countries biggest builder, Evergrande, went under.

But there was an assumption that the government would bail out real-estate SOEs.

Well the largest one, Vanke, is going under, and the central government is going to let it. Moreover, Shenzen’s (China’s Silicon Valley, but on steroids) has repeatedly bailed it out and that means that not only is the central government not bailing out a SOE, they’re letting a municipal government (arguably the most important in the country) take a huge hit. That will send a message to all other municipal and provincial governments.

The biggest mistake of the US financial collapse was the bailout of participants. Every firm which had financialized should have been allowed to go under. The few that were truly necessary should have been put back on their feet AFTER the shareholders and bondholders took their hits, and after being broken up. Collateral damage (those companies not responsible, but simply getting hit by the backwash, such as GM, could receive bailouts in exchange for a government stake.)

Capitalism has issues even when run properly, but it is a simple proposition at heart: people who allocate resources well should be rewarded with more resources to manage, and those who allocate resources badly should lose their ability to allocate resources. Every participant in over-financialization had made bad allocations of resources. For the American economy to operate, they needed to no longer be participants.

The failure to do this meant that decision makers know (or believe) they can make risky bets that cause systemic economic issues, bets that damage the economy as a whole and expect to be bailed out rather than be required to take their lumps. (And, ideally, be investigated for fraud, which most of them were guilty of.)

An economy where economic decision makers are incentivized to take big risks which hold the entire economy hostage (because they might not be bailed out if the risk isn’t systemic) cannot work and doesn’t. The US economy requires a backstop that amounts to the full expectation that the Fed will print trillions on demand to bail out bad actors. (The current main bad actors are the AI cartel.)

China is, oddly, the only major economy in the world that runs markets more or less right. (Though they let their own real estate casino run for too long.)


The former World Bank chief economist also urges Beijing to adopt more proactive monetary and fiscal policies to achieve faster growth

........... In my view, the overall international economic environment China will face during the 15th Five-Year Plan period is likely to be very weak. In fact, developed economies have still not fully recovered from the 2008 global financial crisis.

According to World Bank data, from 1960 to 2008 the United States posted an average annual GDP growth rate of 3.3 per cent, but from 2008 to 2024 this dropped to 2.1 per cent, a decline of about one third. In the eurozone, average annual growth fell from 3.1 per cent in 1960–2008 to 1.1 per cent in 2008–2024, roughly one third of its earlier pace. For OECD countries as a whole, average growth slowed from 3.4 per cent to 1.6 per cent over the same periods, about half the previous rate.

IMF projections put U.S. growth at 2.0 per cent in 2025 and 2.1 per cent in 2026, while growth in the euro area is forecasted at 1.2 per cent in 2025 and 1.1 per cent in 2026.

Taken together, these numbers suggest that, since the 2008 financial crisis, the developed world has effectively been going through two “lost decades.”



Tweets of the Week:
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Charts:
1: 
2: 
3: 




(not just) for the ESG crowd:


The energy transition is collapsing—not in headlines, but in economics. What began as a hopeful vision for a cleaner future has become an economic bust. While markets and workers sense the failure, activists and policymakers remain caught in a consensus trance.

Bill Gates saw the winds shifting and changed course almost overnight. After years of climate evangelism, he now downplays the urgency. The public is angry about inflation, energy bills, and economic stagnation. They no longer see climate change or renewables as relevant to their daily lives. Gates didn’t reposition because the science changed—the political wind did. .............

The failure is global. COP30 exposed the widening gap between climate rhetoric and political will. ..........

The underlying problem is simple: the economics of wind and solar unravel once you ask them to behave like real power plants.

This may come as a surprise, since we’ve been told for years—by governments, banks, think tanks, and the industry itself—that wind and solar are the cheapest energy sources ever built. But that was always a narrow view, based on project-level metrics like Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). LCOE asks: “What does it cost to generate one megawatt-hour at the project site?” It ignores the cost of turning intermittent, weather-dependent output into reliable 24/7 power.  

But LCOE doesn’t ask the right question. It doesn’t include the cost of backup, storage, grid integration, or the challenge of matching supply and demand second-by-second. It’s not wrong—it’s just not the real world.

Lazard also evaluates relatively small projects—150 MW for solar, 300 MW for wind—compared to the 500–1600 MW size range of typical gas, coal, or nuclear plants.

The entire premise of the transition has been built on an accounting illusion. Wind and solar may be cheap at the generator fence, but not at the system level. The gap between those two is where the economic case collapses. ...........

.............. the nuclear and geothermal projects I’ve modeled—despite high upfront costs—eventually break even. Wind and solar don’t, because they never produce firm output. Their intermittency prevents them from recovering the negative present value from capex.

............. Scaling is a recurring theme in complexity science and systems engineering. Whether it’s software, infrastructure, or power systems—what works at 5% penetration often fails at 30%. It’s hard to believe engineers didn’t warn of this. 

............... This isn’t an argument against technology. It’s a recognition of physical, economic, and thermodynamic boundaries.  ..........

This isn’t a failure of technology—it’s a failure of imagination. We believed we could transition to a fully electric, renewable economy without confronting growth, consumption, or planetary limits. The carbon pulse gave us a century of abundance. The challenge now isn’t to recreate it with wind and sun. It’s to grow up as a species—and learn how to live within the boundaries of a planet that no longer tolerates business as usual.


How peak copper arrived and went completely unnoticed

............. Simply put, we are on a collision course between tightening global copper supply and demand fueled by electrification and most recently: AI data centers. Copper is an essential component in everything electric due to it’s high heat and electrical conductivity, surpassed only by silver. Copper wires can be found in everything from power generation, transmission, and distribution systems to electronics circuitry, telecommunications, and numerous types of electrical equipment—consuming half of all mined copper. The red metal and its alloys are also vitally important in water storage and treatment facilities—as well as in plumbing and piping—as it kills fungi, viruses and bacteria upon contact and conducts heat very efficiently. Thanks to its corrosion resistance and biostatic characteristics, copper is also widely used in marine applications and construction, as well as for coinage.

Growth in copper demand thus comes from both ‘traditional’ economic growth—especially in the Global South—and the energy supply addition from “renewables”. ...............

According to this study a full transition to an alternative energy system—powered entirely by a combination of “renewables”, nuclear and hydro—would require us to mine 4575 million tons of copper; some four-and-a-half-times the amount we have located so far. To say that we have embarked on a “mission impossible” seems to be an understatement here. ...................


German scientists warn global warming is accelerating faster than expected, raising the risk of a 3 °C rise by 2050 and forcing Europe to confront unthinkable adaptation plans.






Sci Fare:


................. We’ve seen the most cases of influenza-like illness ever in the 2024-25 season. The next worse season was the previous season. It’s now getting worse every single year. And this current season is shaping up to be even worse.

It doesn’t take a genius or a conspiracy theorist to figure out that this vaccination strategy against COVID is not working, you just need to read the studies that are now coming out. There’s a reason people are now just sick all the time.

Most people still think that the consequences of these vaccines amount to a minor inconvenience. In reality however, we have unleashed a persistent SARS virus on the population through mass vaccination with negative efficacy vaccines. 



Geopolitical Fare:


Donald J. Trump seems to be experiencing a phenomenon that has also captivated many of his predecessors, which is that they become almost monomaniacally consumed with foreign affairs, virtually to the exclusion of all else.

Not that this doesn’t make intuitive sense — it’s the domain where Presidents wield by far the most unchecked unilateral power. They can simply ignore a chronically inert Congress. They can even largely ignore public opinion, which typically doesn’t intrude on presidential decision-making until a critical mass of Americans divine some adverse impact from a far-off military action, which is rare. General lack of knowledge about international issues, coupled with a tendency to partisan-polarize around the personage of the President, makes the subject area especially ripe for shaping public attitudes in accordance with whatever the President wants to do. This can be observed in a recent poll showing that 87% of Republicans now believe Venezuela constitutes “a threat to US security.” .................................

........................ His policy toward Ukraine can be viewed in the same light, with Trump demanding a so-called “minerals deal” that effectively turns Ukraine into a sort of quasi-colonial US outpost, with the US expropriating vast swathes of Ukraine’s natural resources and physical infrastructure, in return for an uninterrupted supply of US weaponry. (The provision of which Trump has cleverly found a way to bypass any Congressional oversight or appropriations for.) Who knows what Kushner, Witkoff, and Rubio will ultimately cook up in terms of a “peace proposal” for Ukraine — if anything — but the early drafts of their negotiating document envision the US “leading” and thereby profiting from prospective “reconstruction” enterprises, including by seizing $100 billion in frozen Russian assets, paired with an indeterminate US “security guarantee” to defend Ukraine’s “sovereignty.”



............ Normally it never would have occurred to the average westerner that a country on the other side of the planet should be invaded and its leader replaced with a puppet regime. That’s not the sort of thing that would have organically entered someone’s mind. It needed to be placed there.

So it was. 

The most common misconception about the free press of the western world is that it exists. All the west’s most influential and far-reaching news media publications are here not to report factual stories about current events, but to manufacture consent for the pre-existing agendas of the US-centralized western empire.

They report many true things, to be sure, and if you acquire some media literacy you can actually learn how to glean a lot of useful information from the imperial press without losing your mind to the spin machine. But reporting true things is not their purpose. Their purpose is to manipulate public psychology at mass scale for the benefit of the empire they serve. ..........

............ A better world is possible. The first step in moving toward it is snapping people out of the propaganda-induced coma which dupes them into settling for this dystopian nightmare instead.



We’re on track to become the first species to go extinct due to politeness. Gonna follow the dinosaurs out the door because it was too uncomfortable and confrontational to tell a few billionaires and empire managers to fuck off.

As Howard Zinn put it:
“As soon as you say the topic is civil disobedience, you are saying our problem is civil disobedience. That is not our problem…. Our problem is civil obedience. Our problem is the numbers of people all over the world who have obeyed the dictates of the leaders of their government and have gone to war, and millions have been killed because of this obedience. And our problem is that scene in All Quiet on the Western Front where the schoolboys march off dutifully in a line to war. Our problem is that people are obedient all over the world, in the face of poverty and starvation and stupidity, and war and cruelty. Our problem is that people are obedient while the jails are full of petty thieves, and all the while the grand thieves are running the country. That’s our problem.”
Or as Utah Phillips put it, “The earth is not dying, it is being killed. And the people who are killing it have names and addresses.” .....................

I like to think about the Fermi paradox sometimes. You know, the apparent contradiction between the fact that we can’t detect any signs of extraterrestrial life in our galaxy and the fact that the Drake equation suggests we should be seeing some due to the sheer number of stars in the Milky Way.

People have come up with all kinds of theories to resolve this paradox. ....................



....................... The entire world is being consumed by an artificially imposed system which holds as its foundational premise that mass-scale human behavior should be driven by the pursuit of profit for its own sake. It’s a mindless, planet-devouring machine of our own making. It is creating unfathomable destruction and suffering for terrestrial organisms of every species.

And it doesn’t have to be this way. There is nothing inscribed upon the fabric of the universe which says that we need to live under a system which causes us to feed our biosphere into the woodchipper so that billionaires can become trillionaires. Nowhere is it written in adamantine that that the many must always toil and suffer for the benefit of the few. Things are the way they are because of systems that were put in place by human beings, and human beings can replace those systems with different ones.

 If we are to continue to survive on this planet, we’re going to have to move from systems which drive us to compete against our fellow humans and our fellow terrestrial organisms to systems that are driven by collaboration toward the good of all beings. Such systems would be entirely unprecedented by their nature, because unprecedented times call for unprecedented measures. It would be unlike anything that’s ever been done before, but it is now a matter of existential importance that it be done. ........


....................... But China is a competitive market, and in competitive markets, profits are low, because the second they start to rise, someone new jumps in. That’s how capitalism, in theory, is supposed to work. The problem is that it only works that way with aggressive government regulation and enforcement. The CPC, being Socialist, doesn’t “believe” in markets. It uses them as a tool, without an ideological commitment. There’s no nonsense about markets being self-correcting, about rich people being good, about trickle down, etc, etc… If a market isn’t working to improve mass welfare, the state intervenes, and it will let, and sometimes force, “too big to fail” companies die.

This is, ironically, “real” capitalism, something the West no longer practices.

So America in specific, and the West in general has spent about 45 years now hollowing out its real economy. In exchange a great deal of money has been created, and if you as an investor want money, then you invested in the West.

This is coming to an end. It is in its last five or so years. It relies in the destruction of the real economy by jacking up prices, loading up debt and liquidating industries, often, ironically, to send to China. ..............

............ this is the endgame. I’ve been writing about this for decades, and now I’m seeing my Cassandric prophecies all coming true. None of this was, in one sense, necessary: up till about 2010, it could have been reversed, in theory, by correct policy. In another sense it was inevitable, because the people who make all the decisions were all in, and benefiting immensely, and were unable or unwilling to understand or care about long term consequences. For many of them that made cold hard sense. They were engaged in a “death bet”, they bet they’d be dead before the game ended. Others are just fine being the richest or most powerful people in a shitty country. They don’t, yet, understand what they’ll lose when China is recognized by everyone as the most important and powerful country in the world, or what the decay of American military ability (entirely a product of a now lost industrial and tech lead) will mean to them.

This the middle of the end. The beginning of the end was when Obama and Bernanke decided to bail everyone rich out during the financial crisis, and pass the cost to ordinary people, including by stealing their houses.

This is also epochal. For the first time in centuries, the West will no longer be the most powerful or the most technologically advanced region.

The consequences, for everyone in the world, will be vast.



Other Fare:

Generation 6-7

.............. Like nineteenth-century bourgeois families anxiously watching themselves for signs of hereditary ‘degeneracy’, the thing to suspect about yourself these days is that you are suffering from smartphone-induced ‘brain rot’.

...................... That doesn’t make troves of genuinely worrying global statistics about teenage mental health disappear. Whether there is cause for optimism really depends on where you look. But at the very least, youth culture is not standing still: it is, in its own way, reflective about what former Google ethicist Tristan Harris called the “race to the bottom of the brainstem”; in diffuse and ambivalent ways, it is responding to it.



Vid Fare:

discusses nuclear fusion


The Australien Government has made an ad about the Social Media Ban for Under-16s, and it’s surprisingly honest and informative.